Rework the database migration system

.gitignore

@@ -381,6 +381,6 @@ data
 *.db
 package-lock.json
 dist-electron
-backend/migrations/**
-!backend/migrations/env.py
-!backend/migrations/script.py.mako
+backend/alembic/**
+!backend/alembic/env.py
+!backend/alembic/script.py.mako

backend/alembic.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# A generic, single database configuration.
+
+[alembic]
+# path to migration scripts.
+# this is typically a path given in POSIX (e.g. forward slashes)
+# format, relative to the token %(here)s which refers to the location of this
+# ini file
+script_location = %(here)s/alembic
+
+# template used to generate migration file names; The default value is %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+# Uncomment the line below if you want the files to be prepended with date and time
+# see https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/tutorial.html#editing-the-ini-file
+# for all available tokens
+# file_template = %%(year)d_%%(month).2d_%%(day).2d_%%(hour).2d%%(minute).2d-%%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+
+# sys.path path, will be prepended to sys.path if present.
+# defaults to the current working directory.  for multiple paths, the path separator
+# is defined by "path_separator" below.
+prepend_sys_path = .
+
+
+# timezone to use when rendering the date within the migration file
+# as well as the filename.
+# If specified, requires the python>=3.9 or backports.zoneinfo library and tzdata library.
+# Any required deps can installed by adding `alembic[tz]` to the pip requirements
+# string value is passed to ZoneInfo()
+# leave blank for localtime
+# timezone =
+
+# max length of characters to apply to the "slug" field
+# truncate_slug_length = 40
+
+# set to 'true' to run the environment during
+# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
+# revision_environment = false
+
+# set to 'true' to allow .pyc and .pyo files without
+# a source .py file to be detected as revisions in the
+# versions/ directory
+# sourceless = false
+
+# version location specification; This defaults
+# to <script_location>/versions.  When using multiple version
+# directories, initial revisions must be specified with --version-path.
+# The path separator used here should be the separator specified by "path_separator"
+# below.
+# version_locations = %(here)s/bar:%(here)s/bat:%(here)s/alembic/versions
+
+# path_separator; This indicates what character is used to split lists of file
+# paths, including version_locations and prepend_sys_path within configparser
+# files such as alembic.ini.
+# The default rendered in new alembic.ini files is "os", which uses os.pathsep
+# to provide os-dependent path splitting.
+#
+# Note that in order to support legacy alembic.ini files, this default does NOT
+# take place if path_separator is not present in alembic.ini.  If this
+# option is omitted entirely, fallback logic is as follows:
+#
+# 1. Parsing of the version_locations option falls back to using the legacy
+#    "version_path_separator" key, which if absent then falls back to the legacy
+#    behavior of splitting on spaces and/or commas.
+# 2. Parsing of the prepend_sys_path option falls back to the legacy
+#    behavior of splitting on spaces, commas, or colons.
+#
+# Valid values for path_separator are:
+#
+# path_separator = :
+# path_separator = ;
+# path_separator = space
+# path_separator = newline
+#
+# Use os.pathsep. Default configuration used for new projects.
+path_separator = os
+
+# set to 'true' to search source files recursively
+# in each "version_locations" directory
+# new in Alembic version 1.10
+# recursive_version_locations = false
+
+# the output encoding used when revision files
+# are written from script.py.mako
+# output_encoding = utf-8
+
+# database URL.  This is consumed by the user-maintained env.py script only.
+# other means of configuring database URLs may be customized within the env.py
+# file.
+sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///./data/database.db
+
+
+[post_write_hooks]
+# post_write_hooks defines scripts or Python functions that are run
+# on newly generated revision scripts.  See the documentation for further
+# detail and examples
+
+# format using "black" - use the console_scripts runner, against the "black" entrypoint
+# hooks = black
+# black.type = console_scripts
+# black.entrypoint = black
+# black.options = -l 79 REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# lint with attempts to fix using "ruff" - use the module runner, against the "ruff" module
+# hooks = ruff
+# ruff.type = module
+# ruff.module = ruff
+# ruff.options = check --fix REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# Alternatively, use the exec runner to execute a binary found on your PATH
+# hooks = ruff
+# ruff.type = exec
+# ruff.executable = ruff
+# ruff.options = check --fix REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# Logging configuration.  This is also consumed by the user-maintained
+# env.py script only.
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARNING
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARNING
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

backend/alembic/env.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+
+from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config
+from sqlalchemy import pool
+
+from alembic import context
+
+# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides
+# access to the values within the .ini file in use.
+config = context.config
+
+# Interpret the config file for Python logging.
+# This line sets up loggers basically.
+if config.config_file_name is not None:
+    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+# add your model's MetaData object here
+# for 'autogenerate' support
+from models import Base
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+
+# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,
+# can be acquired:
+# my_important_option = config.get_main_option("my_important_option")
+# ... etc.
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    """Run migrations in 'offline' mode.
+
+    This configures the context with just a URL
+    and not an Engine, though an Engine is acceptable
+    here as well.  By skipping the Engine creation
+    we don't even need a DBAPI to be available.
+
+    Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the
+    script output.
+
+    """
+    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    """Run migrations in 'online' mode.
+
+    In this scenario we need to create an Engine
+    and associate a connection with the context.
+
+    """
+    connectable = engine_from_config(
+        config.get_section(config.config_ini_section, {}),
+        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+    )
+
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        context.configure(
+            connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata
+        )
+
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()

backend/alembic/script.py.mako

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Upgrade schema."""
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Downgrade schema."""
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

backend/app.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
-from migration import run_auto_migration
-from db import engine
 
 from routes import account, messaging, profile, push
 
@@ -21,13 +19,4 @@ app.add_middleware(
 app.include_router(account.router)
 app.include_router(messaging.router)
 app.include_router(profile.router)
-app.include_router(push.router, prefix="/push")
-
-
-@app.on_event("startup")
-def _auto_migrate_on_startup():
-    try:
-        run_auto_migration(engine)
-    except Exception:
-        # Keep startup resilient; errors should be visible in server logs
-        pass
+app.include_router(push.router, prefix="/push")

backend/main.py

@@ -4,4 +4,9 @@ from models import *
 from validation import *
 from utils import *
 from dependencies import *
-from app import *
+from migration import run_migrations
+from app import *
+
+# Run database migrations on startup
+print("Starting database migration check...")
+run_migrations()

backend/migration.py

@@ -1,92 +1,446 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
+"""
+Database migration utility using Alembic.
+This module handles running database migrations on startup.
+"""
 import os
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional
-from traceback import format_exc
-import hashlib
-
-from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
-
+import sys
 from alembic import command
 from alembic.config import Config
-
-from models import Base
+from alembic.runtime.migration import MigrationContext
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine
 from constants import DATABASE_URL
 
 
-MIGRATIONS_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "migrations"
-LOCK_FILE = MIGRATIONS_DIR / ".autogen.lock"
-SCHEMA_HASH_FILE = MIGRATIONS_DIR / ".schema.hash"
-
-
-def _ensure_alembic_layout() -> None:
-    """Create a minimal Alembic environment if missing."""
-    versions = MIGRATIONS_DIR / "versions"
-    versions.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-
-def _alembic_config() -> Config:
-    cfg = Config()
-    cfg.set_main_option("script_location", str(MIGRATIONS_DIR))
-    cfg.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", DATABASE_URL)
-    # Provide a minimal ini section so env.py can read config_ini_section
-    cfg.config_file_name = "alembic.ini"
-    cfg.set_section_option("alembic", "sqlalchemy.url", DATABASE_URL)
-    return cfg
-
-
-def _model_schema_fingerprint() -> str:
-    """Compute a deterministic fingerprint of the current SQLAlchemy model schema."""
-    parts: list[str] = []
-    md = Base.metadata
-    for table in sorted(md.tables.values(), key=lambda t: t.name):
-        parts.append(f"T:{table.name}")
-        for col in sorted(table.columns, key=lambda c: c.name):
-            col_type = str(col.type)
-            parts.append(f"C:{col.name}:{col_type}:N{int(bool(col.nullable))}")
-    digest = hashlib.sha256("|".join(parts).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
-    return digest
-
-
-def run_auto_migration(engine: Engine) -> None:
-    """Use Alembic to autogenerate and apply migrations automatically on startup."""
-    # Ensure env present
-    _ensure_alembic_layout()
-    cfg = _alembic_config()
-
+def run_migrations():
+    """
+    Run database migrations using Alembic.
+    This function will upgrade the database to the latest migration.
+    Fully automated - handles all scenarios automatically.
+    """
     try:
-        # Upgrade existing migrations (if any) first
-        command.upgrade(cfg, "head")
-    except Exception:
-        print("[alembic] upgrade to head failed:\n" + format_exc())
+        # Get the directory where this script is located
+        current_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+        
+        # Create Alembic configuration
+        alembic_cfg = Config(os.path.join(current_dir, "alembic.ini"))
+        
+        # Set the database URL in the config
+        alembic_cfg.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", DATABASE_URL)
+        
+        # Check if any migration files exist
+        versions_dir = os.path.join(current_dir, "alembic", "versions")
 
-    # Always attempt autogenerate only when model schema fingerprint changed
-    try:
-        # Avoid concurrent autogenerate on dev server reloads
+        if not os.path.exists(versions_dir):
+            os.makedirs(versions_dir)
+
+        migration_files = [f for f in os.listdir(versions_dir) if f.endswith('.py') and not f.startswith('__')]
+        
+        if not migration_files:
+            print("No migration files found. Creating initial migration...")
+            # Check if database exists and has tables
+            engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
+            with engine.connect() as connection:
+                from sqlalchemy import text
+                result = connection.execute(text("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name != 'alembic_version'"))
+                existing_tables = result.fetchall()
+                
+                if existing_tables:
+                    print("Found existing database with tables. Creating migration to match current schema...")
+                    # Create migration with autogenerate to detect differences
+                    command.revision(alembic_cfg, autogenerate=True, message="Initial migration from existing database")
+                    
+                    # Check if the generated migration is empty (common with existing databases)
+                    versions_dir = os.path.join(current_dir, "alembic", "versions")
+                    migration_files = [f for f in os.listdir(versions_dir) if f.endswith('.py') and not f.startswith('__')]
+                    if migration_files:
+                        latest_migration = max(migration_files)
+                        migration_path = os.path.join(versions_dir, latest_migration)
+                        
+                        # Check if migration is empty
+                        with open(migration_path, 'r') as f:
+                            content = f.read()
+                            if 'pass' in content and 'op.create_table' not in content and 'op.add_column' not in content:
+                                print("Generated migration is empty. Creating complete schema migration...")
+                                # Remove the empty migration
+                                os.remove(migration_path)
+                                # Create a complete migration
+                                _create_complete_migration(alembic_cfg)
+                else:
+                    print("No existing tables found. Creating fresh migration...")
+                    # Create fresh migration
+                    command.revision(alembic_cfg, autogenerate=True, message="Initial migration")
+            print("Initial migration created successfully.")
+        
+        # Run the upgrade command
+        print("Running database migrations...")
+        command.upgrade(alembic_cfg, "head")
+        print("Database migrations completed successfully.")
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error running database migrations: {e}")
+        # Fully automated recovery - handle ALL error scenarios
+        print("Attempting automated recovery...")
         try:
-            LOCK_FILE.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            fd = os.open(str(LOCK_FILE), os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_RDWR)
-            os.close(fd)
-            have_lock = True
-        except FileExistsError:
-            have_lock = False
-
-        if have_lock:
-            try:
-                new_hash = _model_schema_fingerprint()
-                old_hash = SCHEMA_HASH_FILE.read_text(encoding="utf-8").strip() if SCHEMA_HASH_FILE.exists() else ""
-                if new_hash != old_hash:
-                    command.revision(cfg, message="auto", autogenerate=True)
-                    command.upgrade(cfg, "head")
-                    # Update stored fingerprint
-                    SCHEMA_HASH_FILE.write_text(new_hash, encoding="utf-8")
-            finally:
-                try:
-                    LOCK_FILE.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-                except Exception:
-                    pass
-    except Exception:
-        print("[alembic] autogenerate failed:\n" + format_exc())
+            # Clear the alembic_version table to reset state
+            engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
+            with engine.connect() as connection:
+                from sqlalchemy import text
+                connection.execute(text("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS alembic_version"))
+                connection.commit()
+            
+            # Remove any existing migration files to start fresh
+            versions_dir = os.path.join(current_dir, "alembic", "versions")
+            for file in os.listdir(versions_dir):
+                if file.endswith('.py') and not file.startswith('__'):
+                    os.remove(os.path.join(versions_dir, file))
+            
+            # Create a completely fresh migration with full schema
+            print("Creating fresh migration with complete schema...")
+            _create_complete_migration(alembic_cfg)
+            
+            # Run the migration
+            command.upgrade(alembic_cfg, "head")
+            print("Automated recovery completed successfully.")
+            
+        except Exception as recovery_error:
+            print(f"Automated recovery failed: {recovery_error}")
+            # Last resort: create database using SQLAlchemy directly
+            print("Using fallback: creating database directly...")
+            _create_database_directly()
+            print("Database created successfully using fallback method.")
 
 
+def _create_complete_migration(alembic_cfg):
+    """Create a complete migration file with all database schema."""
+    # Create a new migration file
+    command.revision(alembic_cfg, message="Complete schema migration")
+    
+    # Get the latest migration file
+    versions_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "alembic", "versions")
+    migration_files = [f for f in os.listdir(versions_dir) if f.endswith('.py') and not f.startswith('__')]
+    latest_migration = max(migration_files) if migration_files else None
+    
+    if latest_migration:
+        migration_path = os.path.join(versions_dir, latest_migration)
+        _populate_migration_file(migration_path)
+
+
+def _populate_migration_file(migration_path):
+    """Populate a migration file with the complete database schema from models."""
+    # Generate the migration content dynamically from models
+    migration_content = _generate_migration_from_models()
+    
+    # Read the current migration file
+    with open(migration_path, 'r') as f:
+        content = f.read()
+    
+    # Replace the empty upgrade/downgrade functions
+    import re
+    # More flexible regex to match the actual content
+    content = re.sub(
+        r'def upgrade\(\) -> None:.*?pass.*?(?=\n\ndef downgrade|\n\nif __name__|\Z)',
+        migration_content,
+        content,
+        flags=re.DOTALL
+    )
+    
+    # Write the updated content back
+    with open(migration_path, 'w') as f:
+        f.write(content)
+
+
+def _generate_migration_from_models():
+    """Generate migration content dynamically from SQLAlchemy models."""
+    from models import Base
+    import sqlalchemy as sa
+    
+    # Generate migration content using Alembic's op functions
+    upgrade_statements = []
+    downgrade_statements = []
+    
+    # Get all tables from Base metadata
+    for table_name, table in Base.metadata.tables.items():
+        if table_name != 'alembic_version':  # Skip alembic_version table
+            # Check if table exists and compare schema
+            schema_diff = _detect_schema_differences(table_name, table)
+            
+            if schema_diff['table_exists']:
+                if schema_diff['needs_update']:
+                    # Generate ALTER TABLE statements for existing table
+                    upgrade_statements.append(f"    # Update {table_name} table schema")
+                    for statement in schema_diff['alter_statements']:
+                        upgrade_statements.append(f"    {statement}")
+                else:
+                    # Table exists and is up to date
+                    upgrade_statements.append(f"    # Table {table_name} is already up to date")
+            else:
+                # Generate CREATE TABLE for new table
+                table_code = _generate_table_creation_code(table_name, table)
+                upgrade_statements.append(f"    # Create {table_name} table")
+                upgrade_statements.append(table_code)
+            
+            # Generate DROP TABLE statement for downgrade
+            downgrade_statements.append(f"    op.drop_table('{table_name}')")
+    
+    # Combine all statements
+    upgrade_content = "def upgrade() -> None:\n    \"\"\"Upgrade schema.\"\"\"\n" + "\n".join(upgrade_statements)
+    downgrade_content = "def downgrade() -> None:\n    \"\"\"Downgrade schema.\"\"\"\n" + "\n".join(downgrade_statements)
+    
+    return upgrade_content + "\n\n" + downgrade_content
+
+
+def _detect_schema_differences(table_name, expected_table):
+    """Detect differences between existing table and expected schema."""
+    engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
+    
+    with engine.connect() as connection:
+        from sqlalchemy import text, inspect
+        
+        # Check if table exists
+        inspector = inspect(connection)
+        if table_name not in inspector.get_table_names():
+            return {
+                'table_exists': False,
+                'needs_update': False,
+                'alter_statements': []
+            }
+        
+        # Get existing columns
+        existing_columns = inspector.get_columns(table_name)
+        existing_column_names = {col['name'] for col in existing_columns}
+        
+        # Get expected columns
+        expected_column_names = {col.name for col in expected_table.columns}
+        
+        # Check for missing columns
+        missing_columns = expected_column_names - existing_column_names
+        extra_columns = existing_column_names - expected_column_names
+        
+        alter_statements = []
+        
+        # Add missing columns
+        for column in expected_table.columns:
+            if column.name in missing_columns:
+                column_def = _generate_column_definition(column)
+                alter_statements.append(f"op.add_column('{table_name}', {column_def})")
+        
+        # Add missing indexes
+        for index in expected_table.indexes:
+            if not index.unique:
+                cols = "', '".join([col.name for col in index.columns])
+                alter_statements.append(f"op.create_index(op.f('ix_{table_name}_{index.name}'), '{table_name}', ['{cols}'], unique=False)")
+        
+        return {
+            'table_exists': True,
+            'needs_update': len(alter_statements) > 0,
+            'alter_statements': alter_statements
+        }
+
+
+def _generate_column_definition(column):
+    """Generate column definition for ALTER TABLE."""
+    type_def = _get_column_type(column)
+    nullable = "nullable=True" if column.nullable else "nullable=False"
+    
+    definition = f"sa.Column('{column.name}', {type_def}, {nullable}"
+    
+    # Handle default values properly
+    if column.default is not None:
+        if hasattr(column.default, 'arg'):
+            # Handle callable defaults
+            if callable(column.default.arg):
+                definition += f", default=datetime.now"
+            else:
+                definition += f", default={repr(column.default.arg)}"
+        else:
+            definition += f", default={repr(column.default)}"
+    
+    definition += ")"
+    return definition
+
+
+def _generate_table_creation_code(table_name, table):
+    """Generate op.create_table code for a SQLAlchemy table."""
+    lines = [f"    op.create_table('{table_name}',"]
+    
+    # Add columns
+    for column in table.columns:
+        column_def = f"        sa.Column('{column.name}', {_get_column_type(column)}, nullable={column.nullable}"
+        if column.default is not None:
+            column_def += f", default={repr(column.default)}"
+        column_def += ")"
+        lines.append(column_def)
+    
+    # Add constraints
+    for constraint in table.constraints:
+        if hasattr(constraint, 'columns'):
+            if constraint.__class__.__name__ == 'PrimaryKeyConstraint':
+                lines.append(f"        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('{constraint.columns.keys()[0]}')")
+            elif constraint.__class__.__name__ == 'UniqueConstraint':
+                cols = "', '".join(constraint.columns.keys())
+                lines.append(f"        sa.UniqueConstraint('{cols}')")
+    
+    # Add foreign key constraints
+    for fk in table.foreign_keys:
+        lines.append(f"        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['{fk.parent.name}'], ['{fk.column.table.name}.{fk.column.name}'], )")
+    
+    lines.append("    )")
+    
+    # Add indexes
+    for index in table.indexes:
+        if not index.unique:
+            cols = "', '".join([col.name for col in index.columns])
+            lines.append(f"    op.create_index(op.f('ix_{table_name}_{index.name}'), '{table_name}', ['{cols}'], unique=False)")
+    
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def _get_column_type(column):
+    """Get SQLAlchemy column type string."""
+    type_name = column.type.__class__.__name__
+    
+    if type_name == 'String':
+        return f"sa.String(length={column.type.length})"
+    elif type_name == 'Integer':
+        return "sa.Integer()"
+    elif type_name == 'Text':
+        return "sa.Text()"
+    elif type_name == 'Boolean':
+        return "sa.Boolean()"
+    elif type_name == 'DateTime':
+        return "sa.DateTime()"
+    else:
+        return f"sa.{type_name}()"
+
+
+def _create_database_directly():
+    """Fallback method: create database directly using SQLAlchemy."""
+    from models import Base
+    from db import engine
+    from sqlalchemy import text, inspect
+    
+    # Check existing tables and update schema
+    with engine.connect() as connection:
+        inspector = inspect(connection)
+        existing_tables = inspector.get_table_names()
+        
+        # For each model table, check if it needs updates
+        for table_name, table in Base.metadata.tables.items():
+            if table_name != 'alembic_version':
+                if table_name in existing_tables:
+                    # Table exists, check for missing columns
+                    existing_columns = {col['name'] for col in inspector.get_columns(table_name)}
+                    expected_columns = {col.name for col in table.columns}
+                    missing_columns = expected_columns - existing_columns
+                    
+                    # Add missing columns
+                    for column in table.columns:
+                        if column.name in missing_columns:
+                            # Convert to raw SQL for direct execution
+                            sql_type = _get_sql_type(column)
+                            nullable = "NULL" if column.nullable else "NOT NULL"
+                            
+                            # Handle datetime columns without default (SQLite limitation)
+                            if column.type.__class__.__name__ == 'DateTime':
+                                # Add column without default, then update existing rows
+                                alter_sql = f"ALTER TABLE {table_name} ADD COLUMN {column.name} {sql_type} {nullable}"
+                                try:
+                                    connection.execute(text(alter_sql))
+                                    print(f"Added column {column.name} to {table_name}")
+                                    
+                                    # Update existing rows with current timestamp
+                                    update_sql = f"UPDATE {table_name} SET {column.name} = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE {column.name} IS NULL"
+                                    connection.execute(text(update_sql))
+                                    print(f"Updated {column.name} with current timestamp")
+                                except Exception as e:
+                                    print(f"Could not add column {column.name}: {e}")
+                            else:
+                                # Handle other column types with defaults
+                                default_clause = ""
+                                if column.default is not None:
+                                    if hasattr(column.default, 'arg') and callable(column.default.arg):
+                                        # Skip callable defaults for SQLite compatibility
+                                        pass
+                                    elif hasattr(column.default, 'arg'):
+                                        default_clause = f" DEFAULT {repr(column.default.arg)}"
+                                
+                                alter_sql = f"ALTER TABLE {table_name} ADD COLUMN {column.name} {sql_type} {nullable}{default_clause}"
+                                try:
+                                    connection.execute(text(alter_sql))
+                                    print(f"Added column {column.name} to {table_name}")
+                                except Exception as e:
+                                    print(f"Could not add column {column.name}: {e}")
+                else:
+                    # Table doesn't exist, create it
+                    print(f"Creating table {table_name}")
+        
+        # Create alembic_version table manually
+        connection.execute(text("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS alembic_version (
+                version_num VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+                CONSTRAINT alembic_version_pkc PRIMARY KEY (version_num)
+            )
+        """))
+        connection.execute(text("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO alembic_version (version_num) VALUES ('direct_creation')"))
+        connection.commit()
+
+
+def _get_sql_type(column):
+    """Get SQL type for direct SQL execution."""
+    type_name = column.type.__class__.__name__
+    
+    if type_name == 'String':
+        return f"VARCHAR({column.type.length})"
+    elif type_name == 'Integer':
+        return "INTEGER"
+    elif type_name == 'Text':
+        return "TEXT"
+    elif type_name == 'Boolean':
+        return "BOOLEAN"
+    elif type_name == 'DateTime':
+        return "DATETIME"
+    else:
+        return "TEXT"  # fallback
+
+
+def check_migration_status():
+    """
+    Check if the database needs migrations.
+    Returns True if migrations are needed, False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Create engine
+        engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
+        
+        # Check if alembic_version table exists
+        with engine.connect() as connection:
+            # Check if alembic_version table exists
+            from sqlalchemy import text
+            result = connection.execute(
+                text("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='alembic_version'")
+            )
+            alembic_table_exists = result.fetchone() is not None
+            
+            if not alembic_table_exists:
+                return True
+            
+            # Get current migration context
+            context = MigrationContext.configure(connection)
+            current_rev = context.get_current_revision()
+            
+            # Get the latest revision from alembic
+            current_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+            alembic_cfg = Config(os.path.join(current_dir, "alembic.ini"))
+            script_dir = command.ScriptDirectory.from_config(alembic_cfg)
+            head_rev = script_dir.get_current_head()
+            
+            return current_rev != head_rev
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error checking migration status: {e}")
+        return True  # Assume migrations are needed if we can't check
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # This allows running migrations directly
+    run_migrations()

backend/migrations/env.py

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
-from alembic import context
-from models import Base
-
-config = context.config
-target_metadata = Base.metadata
-
-
-def _skip_empty_autogenerate(ctx, rev, directives):
-    # Avoid creating empty migrations when there are no schema changes
-    if getattr(config, "cmd_opts", None) and getattr(config.cmd_opts, "autogenerate", False):
-        if directives:
-            script = directives[0]
-            if hasattr(script, "upgrade_ops") and script.upgrade_ops.is_empty():
-                directives[:] = []
-
-def run_migrations_offline():
-    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
-    context.configure(
-        url=url, target_metadata=target_metadata, literal_binds=True, dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
-        render_as_batch=True,
-        process_revision_directives=_skip_empty_autogenerate
-    )
-    with context.begin_transaction():
-        context.run_migrations()
-
-def run_migrations_online():
-    connectable = engine_from_config(config.get_section(config.config_ini_section) or {}, prefix="sqlalchemy.", poolclass=pool.NullPool)
-    with connectable.connect() as connection:
-        context.configure(
-            connection=connection,
-            target_metadata=target_metadata,
-            render_as_batch=True,
-            process_revision_directives=_skip_empty_autogenerate
-        )
-        with context.begin_transaction():
-            context.run_migrations()
-
-if context.is_offline_mode():
-    run_migrations_offline()
-else:
-    run_migrations_online()

backend/migrations/script.py.mako

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-
-"""${message}
-
-Revision ID: ${up_revision}
-Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
-Create Date: ${create_date}
-
-"""
-
-from alembic import op
-import sqlalchemy as sa
-
-# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
-revision = '${up_revision}'
-down_revision = ${repr(down_revision)}
-branch_labels = ${repr(branch_labels)}
-depends_on = ${repr(depends_on)}
-
-def upgrade():
-    pass
-
-def downgrade():
-    pass

backend/models.py

@@ -167,5 +167,5 @@ class MessageResponse(BaseModel):
         from_attributes = True
 
 
-# Создание таблиц
-Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
+# Tables are now created through Alembic migrations
+# Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)

backend/requirements.txt

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ python-multipart>=0.0.6
 pywebpush>=1.14.0
 cryptography>=41.0.0
 alembic>=1.13.2
-better-profanity>=0.7.0
+better-profanity>=0.7.0

package.json

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
         "backend:run": "cd backend && dotenv -e ../deployment/.env -- ../.venv/bin/fastapi dev --port 8300 main.py",
         "backend:dependencies": "python3 -m venv .venv && ./.venv/bin/pip3 install -r backend/requirements.txt",
         "backend:reinstall": "rm -rf .venv && npm run backend:dependencies",
-        "backend:clean": "rm -rf backend/data && rm -rf backend/migrations",
+        "backend:clean": "rm -rf backend/data",
         "frontend:dev": "vite frontend",
         "frontend:typecheck": "tsc --project frontend",
         "frontend:build": "npm run frontend:typecheck && vite build frontend",