diff --git a/packages/core/src/git.ts b/packages/core/src/git.ts
index 1778879face..1c387412e15 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/git.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/git.ts
@@ -329,15 +329,9 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       directory: AbsolutePath,
       args: string[],
     ) {
-      const result = yield* execute(directory, proc, args).pipe(
-        Effect.mapError((cause) => new OperationError({ operation, directory, message: cause.message, cause })),
-      )
+      const result = yield* execute(directory, proc, args).pipe(Effect.mapError(spawnFailure(operation, directory)))
       if (result.exitCode === 0) return
-      return yield* new OperationError({
-        operation,
-        directory,
-        message: result.stderr.trim() || result.text.trim() || `Git ${operation} failed`,
-      })
+      return yield* commandFailure(operation, directory, result)
     })
 
     const clone = Effect.fn("Git.repo.clone")(function* (input: {
@@ -403,13 +397,13 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       ...args,
     ]
 
-    const repositoryOperation = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
+    const repositoryRun = (
       operationName: OperationError["operation"],
       repository: Repository,
       args: string[],
-      options?: { stdin?: string | Uint8Array; env?: Record<string, string>; maxOutputBytes?: number; index?: string },
-    ) {
-      const result = yield* proc
+      options?: RepositoryOptions,
+    ) =>
+      proc
         .run(
           ChildProcess.make(gitExecutable(), repositoryArgs(repository, args), {
             cwd: repository.worktree,
@@ -418,25 +412,19 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
           }),
           { stdin: options?.stdin, maxOutputBytes: options?.maxOutputBytes },
         )
-        .pipe(
-          Effect.mapError(
-            (cause) =>
-              new OperationError({
-                operation: operationName,
-                directory: repository.worktree,
-                message: cause.message,
-                cause,
-              }),
-          ),
-        )
+        .pipe(Effect.mapError(spawnFailure(operationName, repository.worktree)))
+
+    const repositoryOperation = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
+      operationName: OperationError["operation"],
+      repository: Repository,
+      args: string[],
+      options?: RepositoryOptions,
+    ) {
+      const result = yield* repositoryRun(operationName, repository, args, options)
       const text = result.stdout.toString("utf8")
-      if (result.exitCode === 0)
-        return { text, stderr: result.stderr.toString("utf8"), truncated: result.stdoutTruncated }
-      return yield* new OperationError({
-        operation: operationName,
-        directory: repository.worktree,
-        message: result.stderr.toString("utf8").trim() || text.trim() || `Git ${operationName} failed`,
-      })
+      const stderr = result.stderr.toString("utf8")
+      if (result.exitCode === 0) return { text, stderr, truncated: result.stdoutTruncated }
+      return yield* commandFailure(operationName, repository.worktree, { text, stderr })
     })
 
     /**
@@ -637,29 +625,13 @@ const layer = Layer.effect(
       paths: readonly RelativePath[]
     }) {
       if (!input.paths.length) return new Set<RelativePath>()
-      const result = yield* proc
-        .run(
-          ChildProcess.make(
-            gitExecutable(),
-            repositoryArgs(input.repository, ["check-ignore", "--no-index", "--stdin", "-z"]),
-            {
-              cwd: input.repository.worktree,
-              extendEnv: true,
-            },
-          ),
-          { stdin: input.paths.join("\0") + "\0" },
-        )
-        .pipe(
-          Effect.mapError(
-            (cause) =>
-              new OperationError({
-                operation: "list_files",
-                directory: input.repository.worktree,
-                message: cause.message,
-                cause,
-              }),
-          ),
-        )
+      const result = yield* repositoryRun(
+        "list_files",
+        input.repository,
+        ["check-ignore", "--no-index", "--stdin", "-z"],
+        { stdin: input.paths.join("\0") + "\0" },
+      )
+      // Exit 1: none of the paths are ignored.
       if (result.exitCode !== 0 && result.exitCode !== 1)
         return yield* new OperationError({
           operation: "list_files",
@@ -1507,6 +1479,30 @@ interface Result {
   readonly stderr: string
 }
 
+interface RepositoryOptions {
+  readonly stdin?: string | Uint8Array
+  readonly env?: Record<string, string>
+  readonly maxOutputBytes?: number
+  readonly index?: string
+}
+
+function spawnFailure(operation: OperationError["operation"], directory: AbsolutePath) {
+  return (cause: { readonly message: string }) =>
+    new OperationError({ operation, directory, message: cause.message, cause })
+}
+
+function commandFailure(
+  operation: OperationError["operation"],
+  directory: AbsolutePath,
+  result: { readonly text: string; readonly stderr: string },
+) {
+  return new OperationError({
+    operation,
+    directory,
+    message: result.stderr.trim() || result.text.trim() || `Git ${operation} failed`,
+  })
+}
+
 function run(cwd: string, proc: AppProcess.Interface, args: string[]) {
   return execute(cwd, proc, args).pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => ({ exitCode: 1, text: "", stderr: "" })))
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/vcs/git.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/vcs/git.ts
index 0b0d8d72144..a2ededa7ecc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/vcs/git.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/vcs/git.ts
@@ -196,19 +196,14 @@ const numstat = (text: string) =>
     if (a === -1 || b === -1) return []
     const file = item.slice(b + 1)
     if (!file) return []
-    const adds = item.slice(0, a)
-    const dels = item.slice(a + 1, b)
-    const additions = adds === "-" ? 0 : Number.parseInt(adds || "0", 10)
-    const deletions = dels === "-" ? 0 : Number.parseInt(dels || "0", 10)
-    return [
-      {
-        file,
-        additions: Number.isFinite(additions) ? additions : 0,
-        deletions: Number.isFinite(deletions) ? deletions : 0,
-      } satisfies Stat,
-    ]
+    return [{ file, additions: count(item.slice(0, a)), deletions: count(item.slice(a + 1, b)) } satisfies Stat]
   })
 
+const count = (value: string) => {
+  const parsed = value === "-" ? 0 : Number.parseInt(value || "0", 10)
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : 0
+}
+
 function makeGit(proc: AppProcess.Interface, env?: Record<string, string>) {
   const run = Effect.fnUntraced(
     function* (args: string[], opts: { cwd: string; maxOutputBytes?: number }) {
@@ -413,40 +408,40 @@ function makeGit(proc: AppProcess.Interface, env?: Record<string, string>) {
     )
   })
 
-  const patch = Effect.fn("VcsGit.patch")(function* (cwd: string, ref: string, file: string, options?: PatchOptions) {
+  const diffPatch = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
+    cwd: string,
+    args: string[],
+    options: PatchOptions | undefined,
+    mode: { dropTruncated: boolean; noIndex?: boolean },
+  ) {
     const result = yield* run(
       [
         "diff",
+        ...(mode.noIndex ? ["--no-index"] : []),
         "--patch",
         "--no-ext-diff",
         "--no-renames",
         `--unified=${options?.context ?? 3}`,
-        ref,
-        ...(options?.target ? [options.target] : []),
-        "--",
-        file,
+        ...args,
       ],
       { cwd, maxOutputBytes: options?.maxOutputBytes },
     )
-    return { text: result.truncated ? "" : result.text(), truncated: result.truncated } satisfies Patch
+    return {
+      text: mode.dropTruncated && result.truncated ? "" : result.text(),
+      truncated: result.truncated,
+    } satisfies Patch
+  })
+
+  const patch = Effect.fn("VcsGit.patch")(function* (cwd: string, ref: string, file: string, options?: PatchOptions) {
+    return yield* diffPatch(cwd, [ref, ...(options?.target ? [options.target] : []), "--", file], options, {
+      dropTruncated: true,
+    })
   })
 
   const patchAll = Effect.fn("VcsGit.patchAll")(function* (cwd: string, ref: string, options?: PatchOptions) {
-    const result = yield* run(
-      [
-        "diff",
-        "--patch",
-        "--no-ext-diff",
-        "--no-renames",
-        `--unified=${options?.context ?? 3}`,
-        ref,
-        ...(options?.target ? [options.target] : []),
-        "--",
-        ".",
-      ],
-      { cwd, maxOutputBytes: options?.maxOutputBytes },
-    )
-    return { text: result.text(), truncated: result.truncated } satisfies Patch
+    return yield* diffPatch(cwd, [ref, ...(options?.target ? [options.target] : []), "--", "."], options, {
+      dropTruncated: false,
+    })
   })
 
   const patchUntracked = Effect.fn("VcsGit.patchUntracked")(function* (
@@ -456,21 +451,7 @@ function makeGit(proc: AppProcess.Interface, env?: Record<string, string>) {
   ) {
     // A folder entry has no patch of its own.
     if (file.endsWith("/")) return { text: "", truncated: false } satisfies Patch
-    const result = yield* run(
-      [
-        "diff",
-        "--no-index",
-        "--patch",
-        "--no-ext-diff",
-        "--no-renames",
-        `--unified=${options?.context ?? 3}`,
-        "--",
-        "/dev/null",
-        file,
-      ],
-      { cwd, maxOutputBytes: options?.maxOutputBytes },
-    )
-    return { text: result.truncated ? "" : result.text(), truncated: result.truncated } satisfies Patch
+    return yield* diffPatch(cwd, ["--", "/dev/null", file], options, { dropTruncated: true, noIndex: true })
   })
 
   const statUntracked = Effect.fn("VcsGit.statUntracked")(function* (cwd: string, file: string) {
@@ -484,13 +465,7 @@ function makeGit(proc: AppProcess.Interface, env?: Record<string, string>) {
     const parts = result.text().split("\t")
     if (parts.length < 2) return
 
-    const additions = parts[0] === "-" ? 0 : Number.parseInt(parts[0] || "0", 10)
-    const deletions = parts[1] === "-" ? 0 : Number.parseInt(parts[1] || "0", 10)
-    return {
-      file,
-      additions: Number.isFinite(additions) ? additions : 0,
-      deletions: Number.isFinite(deletions) ? deletions : 0,
-    } satisfies Stat
+    return { file, additions: count(parts[0]), deletions: count(parts[1]) } satisfies Stat
   })
 
   // Paths are literal so names containing pathspec magic such as `*` or `[` match only themselves.
@@ -517,11 +492,7 @@ function makeGit(proc: AppProcess.Interface, env?: Record<string, string>) {
   })
 
   const worktreePatch = Effect.fn("VcsGit.worktreePatch")(function* (cwd: string, options?: PatchOptions) {
-    const result = yield* run(
-      ["diff", "--patch", "--no-ext-diff", "--no-renames", `--unified=${options?.context ?? 3}`],
-      { cwd, maxOutputBytes: options?.maxOutputBytes },
-    )
-    return { text: result.text(), truncated: result.truncated } satisfies Patch
+    return yield* diffPatch(cwd, [], options, { dropTruncated: false })
   })
 
   return {